Why is My Water Heater Leaking?

You may not give the household water heater much thought but it’s truly a modern convenience that has become an essential part of American life, providing hot water for showers, dishes, and laundry.

Like any appliance, water heaters can develop issues over time, and water heater leaks are a relatively common problem. If you've noticed water pooling around your water heater or suspect a leak, you're not alone.

The cost and damage associated with water heater leaks can vary significantly depending on several factors, including the extent of the leak and timely discovery, and if you have ever had water damage in your home, you know it can be a costly repair.

Let’s explore the causes of water heater leaks, their potential consequences, and when you should consult a professional plumber about them.

All Types of Water Heaters Can Develop Leaks

All types of water heaters can develop leaks, even tankless water heaters but these tankless models generally have a lower risk of catastrophic leaks due to the absence of a large storage tank.

However, tankless water heaters can still experience smaller leaks that, if left unaddressed, can cause damage over time.

Traditional water heaters, with their large volume of water stored in the tank creating pressure, have a higher likelihood of leaks and damage compared to other types.

Heat pump water heaters, condensing water heaters, and solar water heaters all also run the risk of leaks.

Bottom line: Unless you are a Luddite and get your hot water from a kettle over a fireplace, then you need to be aware of potential water heater leaks in your home!

Identifying a Leaking Water Heater

While it’s usually obvious when a water heater is leaking, If the leak is small it may not be noticed right away, so here are signs to look for:

• Puddles of water around the base of the water heater.
• Damp spots on the floor or walls near the unit.
• Rust on the tank or in your hot water.
• A decrease in hot water pressure or availability.

Carefully inspect the tank, connections, and surrounding area to identify where the leak is coming from.

Remember to exercise caution, as the water may be hot and electrical components could be exposed.

Common Causes of Water Heater Leaks

Understanding why a water heater is leaking is the first step in addressing the problem. Some common causes of water heater leaks include:

• Age and Corrosion: Water heaters typically last 8-12 years. As they age, the tank can corrode from the inside out, eventually leading to leaks. If your water heater is approaching or exceeding this age range, corrosion might be the culprit.
• High Water Pressure: Excessive water pressure can strain a water heater's components, causing leaks at connection points or tank ruptures in severe cases. If you notice leaks along with other signs of high water pressure (like banging pipes), this could be the issue.
• Temperature and Pressure Relief Valve Failure: The temperature and pressure relief (T&P) valve is designed as a safety device that releases water if the pressure or temperature inside the tank gets too high. A faulty valve may leak or release water unnecessarily.
• Damaged or Loose Fittings: The connections to and from water heaters can loosen or become damaged. This can cause leaks at the inlet and outlet connections, as well as other fittings on the tank.
• Tank Sediment Buildup: Minerals and debris in your water can settle at the bottom of the tank, forming sediment. This buildup can cause overheating and damage to the tank lining, potentially leading to leaks.
• Internal Tank Damage: The inner lining of the tank may crack or break due to age, manufacturing defects, or extreme temperature fluctuations. This type of damage often requires a full tank replacement.

Consequences of Ignoring a Leaking Water Heater

While a small leak might seem insignificant, ignoring it can lead to serious problems:

• Water Damage: Even a slow leak can cause significant water damage to your floors, walls, and personal belongings over time.
• Increased Utility Bills: A leaking water heater works harder to maintain the desired water temperature, leading to higher energy consumption and increased utility bills.
• Potential for More Serious Issues: Small leaks can quickly turn into larger ones, potentially resulting in a complete tank failure and flooding.
• Mildew and Mold Growth: Persistent moisture from a leak can lead to mildew and mold, which can pose health risks and require costly remediation.

DIY Troubleshooting and Temporary Fixes

While some water heater issues require professional attention, there are a few things you can safely check and potentially fix on your own:

• Check and Tighten Connections: Inspect all visible connections and fittings. If you notice any loose connections, try tightening them gently with a wrench. Be careful not to overtighten, as this can cause damage.
• Drain and Flush the Tank: If sediment buildup is the issue, draining and flushing your tank might help. Turn off the power and water supply, attach a hose to the drain valve, and let the tank empty. Then, briefly turn on the cold water supply to flush out remaining sediment.
• Replace the Temperature and Pressure Relief Valve: If the T&P valve is a leak source, you may be able to replace it yourself. However, if you're not comfortable with this task, it's best to call a professional.

Remember, these are temporary fixes at best. If the leak persists or you're unsure about performing these tasks, it's time to call a professional plumber.

When to Call a Professional Plumber

While some issues can be addressed with DIY solutions, many water heater problems require professional expertise. Spot any of these signs and it’s an indication you should call call Pilot Plumbing:

• The leak is significant, or you can't identify its source.
• You've tried DIY fixes, but the leak won’t go away.
• Your water heater is more than 10 years old.
• You notice rust-colored water or a rotten egg smell from your hot water.
• The tank is making unusual noises (like popping or cracking sounds).
• You're not comfortable performing maintenance tasks yourself.

The professional plumbers at Pilot Plumbing have the tools, knowledge, and experience to accurately diagnose and fix water heater issues. They can also advise you on whether repair or replacement is the most cost-effective solution in your situation.

Water Heater Leak Prevention

Prevention is always better than cure. Tips to help prevent future water heater leaks include:

• Regular Maintenance: Flush your water heater once a year to prevent sediment buildup.
• Annual Inspections: Have a professional inspect your water heater each year to catch potential issues early.
• Monitor Water Pressure: Install a pressure regulator if your home's water pressure is too high.
• Insulate Pipes: In colder climates (and that includes Texas now!), insulate your water heater and pipes in freezing conditions.
• Replace Aging Units: Consider replacing your water heater proactively if it's nearing the end of its expected lifespan.

Remember, a leaking water heater is more than just an inconvenience – it's a warning sign that shouldn't be ignored.

If you have a water heater leak, don’t hesitate to reach out to Pilot Plumbing today.  Our experienced technicians can diagnose the issue, provide expert repairs, and help you decide if it's time for a replacement.